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生長-肥育豬對豆制品營養物質消化率的研究
發布單位:天津瑞孚農牧科技集團有限公司
查看次數：8299
時間：2019-10-28大豆不只是可以經過溶劑萃取獲得豆粕（SBM），SBM或者大豆再經過進一步的加工還可以產生一系列的其他豆制品。為了在豬飼料中確定這些豆制品的添加量，需要對其可消化氨基酸（AA）的概況和能量值進行評估。進一步的加工處理如：膨化（EX）過程、機械加熱（TM）處理、采用發酵或者酶處理進行生物轉化（BC）、乙醇-水萃取（EW）。
試驗共選用9種豆制品（SBM、EX1、EX2和TM1、TM2、BC1、BC2以及EW1、EW2）進行研究；添加到玉米淀粉基礎日糧中，額外添加一組無氮日糧，一共10個日糧處理組。試驗選擇10頭回腸瘺管豬只（初始體重為30.4 ± 0.7 kg），飼喂10種試驗日糧，日糧包含2.8倍可消化的維持能，進行6個階段（每個階段9天）的試驗。
檢驗得出，對照組SBM包含47.0% CP、1.4%乙醚提取物和6.0%ADF；9種豆制品的粗蛋白（CP）含量為35.6～66.4%、乙醚提取物水平為0.9～21.6%，以及4.4～8.0%ADF；EW豆制品CP含量高（> 61%），EX2豆制品CP含量低（< 36%），但EX2豆制品乙醚提取物水平高（≥ 19%）；化學方法獲得賴氨酸（Lys）水平為總Lys的92.6～100%，說明在加工過程中Lys有少量損失。
數據顯示，與SBM和其他豆制品組比較，含有高乙醚提取物和ADF的豆制品組能量表觀總腸道消化率（ATTD）降低（P < 0.05）；除了EX2和BC1組日糧中Arg、Ile、Leu、Lys、Phe、和Tyr的標準回腸消化率（SID）降低（P < 0.05），各豆制品日糧組中多數AA的SID沒有差異（P > 0.05）；各豆制品日糧組間DE和預測的NE值沒有差異（P > 0.05）；與SBM組比較，EW、BC和TM1日糧組SID的AA含量顯著增加（P < 0.05），可能是因為排除其他大量營養素后總AA含量增加了。
綜上所述，與SBM比較，大豆膨化增加了豆制品的能值，但是降低了能量的ATTD和AA的SID。SBM進一步加工之后的豆制品CP和SID的AA含量增加，但是AA的SID與SBM沒有差異。因此，在豬只日糧中添加進一步加工的SBM和大豆能夠增加原料的價值，特別是對營養物質要求更高的幼齡豬只。
Nutrient digestibility of soybean products in grower-finisher pigs
Solvent extraction of soybean creates soybean meal (SBM), but an array of other soybean products can be created using further processing of SBM or soybean. For accurate inclusion of these products in pig feed, characterization of digestible AA profile and energy value is required. Soybean products from processes such as extrusion (EX) of soybean and thermo-mechanical (TM) treatment, bioconversion using fermentation or enzymes (BC), and ethanol-water extraction (EW) of soybean meal were collected together with SBM. These 9 soybean products were tested in cornstarch-based diets together with an N-free diet for a total of 10 diets. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (30.4 ± 0.7 kg initial BW) were fed 10 diets at 2.8 times maintenance DE for six 9-d periods with a 6 (periods) × 10 (pigs) Youden square. The control SBM contained 47.0% CP, 1.4% ether extract, and ADF 6.0%. The 9 soybean products contained 35.6% to 66.4% CP, 0.9% to 21.6% ether extract, and 4.4% to 8.0% ADF. The EW soybean products were high in CP (>61%), whereas the 2 EX soybean products were low in CP (<36%) but high in ether extract (≥19%). Chemically available Lys ranged from 92.6% to 100% of total Lys, indicating that minor Lys damage occurred during processing. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy was lower (P < 0.05) for soybean products with greater ether extract and ADF content than SBM, and varied among soybean products. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) did not differ (P > 0.05) among soybean products for most AA, except for lower SID of Arg, Ile, Leu, Lys, Phe, and Tyr (P < 0.05) for EX2 and BC1 than other soybean products. The DE and predicted NE value did not differ (P > 0.05) among soybean products. The greater SID AA content (P < 0.05) in EW, BC, and TM1 soybean products than SBM was mainly a result of greater total AA content due to removal of other macronutrients. In conclusion, extrusion of soybean creates soybean products with a greater energy value but lower ATTD of energy and lower SID AA content than SBM.
Further processing of SBM creates soybean products with greater CP and SID AA content but similar SID of AA than SBM. Thus, new technologies to process SBM or soybean create high-value ingredients to be included in pig diets, especially for young pigs with high nutritional requirements.
文章來源：豬營養國際論壇
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